Definition Of Alkanes

Organic compounds composed of only two elements of hydrocarbon are called hydrocarbons, referred to as hydrocarbons. According to the different molecular framework of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons can be divided into chain hydrocarbons (aliphatic hydrocarbons) and cyclic hydrocarbons (alicyclic hydrocarbons) two categories. Chain hydrocarbons can be divided into saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The overall structure is mostly an organic compound composed only of hydrogen atoms in carbon-carbon single bonds with hydrogen and hydrogen bonds, and saturation means that the binding of carbon atoms and other atoms in the molecule has reached the maximum.
In addition, alkanes are a type of saturated hydrocarbons, which include cycloalkanes and chain alkanes.
1. When the number of carbon atoms is less than or equal to 4, alkanes are gaseous at room temperature.
2. Carbon atoms are liquid at 5 to 16 and solid at 17 or more (neopentane is a gas at room temperature).
3. Are insoluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents.
4. The boiling point gradually increases with the increase of the number of carbon atoms.
5. With the increase of the number of carbon atoms, the relative density gradually increases. The density of alkanes is generally less than that of water.
6. The melting point of straight-chain alkane increases with the increase of carbon atoms, but the melting point of even-numbered carbon atoms increases more than that of odd-numbered carbon atoms.